A Modular Five-Axis CNC Educational Platform for Experiential Learning in Mechatronics

Recent advancements in electronic and information technology have propelled progress in smart manufacturing, IoT, and automated system architectures. However, the high cost and closed nature of conventional CNC systems continue to limit their accessibility in engineering education. This study addresses this challenge by developing a modular five-axis CNC educational platform based on the ESP32 microcontroller and open-source GRBL firmware. The system achieved ±0.1 mm repeatability, visualized five-axis synchronization, and enabled students to perform full CAD-to-machining workflows. This open and low-cost platform effectively bridges theoretical learning and hands-on practice, offering a scalable model for mechatronics education and demonstrating the application of intelligent control in modern manufacturing. Beyond its technical contribution, this work advances the democratization of engineering education and highlights the educational potential of experiential learning frameworks in modern mechatronics curricula.